¿Cómo calcular la factura de luz?

Potencia contratada

La potencia contratada es el número de kilovatios que tiene disponible tu negocio. De ella, depende la cantidad de aparatos eléctricos que pueden estar conectados al mismo tiempo.

Es un gasto fijo que aparece en todas las facturas. Incluso cuando no se haya consumido electricidad.

Con la nueva normativa vigente, los consumidores que cuentan con una Tarifa 2.0 pueden contratar dos potencias diferentes, valle o punta.

Con todo, en el mercado regulado se establecen tres precios en función de tres periodos horarios , y en el mercado libre pueden ser del mismo modo o tener establecido el mismo precio.

Para calcular el término de potencia habrá que multiplicar el precio establecido para cada una de las franjas horarias (valle, llana, punta) por la potencia contratada.

Ejemplo de cálculo real:

Un cliente tiene contratada una potencia de 4,4 kW para su negocio en todas las franjas horarias tiene establecido un precio de 26,16 €/kW en periodo punta y 1,14 en periodo valle durante todo el mes. La fórmula, entonces, sería:

• 4,4 kW x 26,16 €/kW x 30/365= 9,44 € en periodo punta.
• 4,4 kW x 1,14 €/kW x 30/365= 0,41 € en periodo valle.

El consumidor pagaría un importe fijo por potencia contratada de 9,85 €.

Energy consumed

It is the amount paid for the amount of electricity that has been consumed during the billing period.

The term consumption has differences depending on whether the consumer is in the free or regulated market. In the regulated market there is time discrimination in three bands and in the free market this discrimination may or may not exist.

It is calculated by multiplying the price of energy by the number of kilowatts consumed.

Example of actual calculation: 

A customer consumes 80 kW/h in the peak period at a price of €0.10/kWh, 50 kW/h in the flat period at a price of €0.03/kWh and 90 kW/h in the off-peak period at a price of €0.004 kW/h. The formula, in this case, would be:

• 80 kW/hx €0.10 kW/h= €8
• 50 kW/hx €0.03 kW/h= €1.5
• 90 kW/hx €0.004 kW/h= €0.36

To this we must add the cost of energy, which is made up of the hourly market price, adjustment services and other supply costs: €72.

The total to be paid for the energy consumed during the period would be: €9.86 + €72 = €81.86.

Alquiler de equipos

Los equipos de medición son los dispositivos mediante los que las distribuidoras miden el consumo de electricidad. Los consumidores que no tienen contador propio están obligados a pagar un importe en concepto de alquiler del dispositivo.

El precio correspondiente al alquiler de contadores digitales oscila entre 0,81 € y 1,36 € al mes, en función del tipo de contador del que se disponga.

Services and other concepts

This invoice amount groups together the different services offered by a supplier in relation to the electricity supply. Among them we can find Green Energy Management Expenses, for example. To know the amount, different costs are taken into account, such as management and customer service.

Following our example, the services and other concepts could have a cost of:  €1.13

Taxes

In addition to the power term and the consumption term, two taxes are included in the invoice, the Electricity Tax and the Value Added Tax . Both taxes are applied in both the free and regulated markets.

Like the power term, the Electricity Tax is paid regardless of whether electricity is consumed or not and represents 5.113% of the sum between the power term and the consumption term, although a reduced rate of the term is currently being applied. 0.5% stipulated by the Government and which is related to the current energy crisis.

In general, the applicable VAT is 21%, except in the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla. However, only 10% is being applied as an extraordinary measure.

Example of actual calculation: 

• Electricity Tax: (€9.85 + €81.86 + €1.13) x 0.50%= €0.46
• VAT: (€9.85 + €81.86 + €1.13 + €0.86 + €0.46) x 10% = €9.42

The total invoice would amount to: €104.04.